![]() But most importantly, the peace ended Austria’s role within the German political sphere. 5), and pay Prussia a huge indemnity of 40,000,000 thalers for its war costs (Art. The Habsburg Empire had to cede Venice to Italy (Art. Prussia imposed a harsh victor’s peace on Austria. On 26 July, the two powers signed a preliminary peace at Nikolsburg ( 132 CTS 463), followed by the Peace of Prague on 23 August ( 133 CTS 71). Less than three weeks later, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph (r. Its German allies had collapsed or were on the verge of doing so, its treasury was empty, and political unrest among the many nations which made up the Habsburg Empire spelled doom if the war against Prussia and Italy went on. The Austrian Empire was militarily speaking a spent force and could not hope to continue the war and survive. The battle as good as ended the war, which had begun only a few weeks before. ![]() At the end of the day, the Austrian army had to withdraw, leaving 40,000 casualties. Although the commanders of both forces had not planned for such a clash that day, what followed was one of the greater pitched battles of the mid-19th century. On 3 July 1866, the Austrian and Prussian armies engaged each other near Königgrätz and Sadowa in Bohemia. Middle Eastern Organizations/Institutions.International Organizations/Institutions.Use of force, war, peace and neutrality.Statehood, jurisdiction of states, organs of states.Sources, foundations and principles of international law.Relationship between international and domestic law.International law and international relations.International instruments and materials.
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